Gottfried von Cramm
Full name: Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt von Cramm
Alias: Freiherr Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt Freiherr von Cramm
Alias: Freiherr Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt Freiherr von Cramm
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| Bio | Gottfried was a German amateur tennis champion who won the French Open twice. He was ranked number 2 in the world in both 1934 and 1936, and number 1 in the world in 1937. The third of the seven sons of Burchard Baron (Freiherr) von Cramm, and his wife Jutta née von Steinberg, Cramm was born at the family estate near Nettlingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. The family title, which was bestowed upon his paternal grandfather in 1891, was inherited in 1936 by Cramm's eldest brother, Aschwin. His brother, Wilhelm-Ernst Freiherr von Cramm (1917–1996), was a highly decorated German officer during World War II and later head of the German Party, a conservative German political party. The third of the seven sons of Burchard Baron (Freiherr) von Cramm, and his wife Jutta née von Steinberg, Cramm was born at the family estate near Nettlingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. The family title, which was bestowed upon his paternal grandfather in 1891, was inherited in 1936 by Cramm's eldest brother, Aschwin. His brother, Wilhelm-Ernst Freiherr von Cramm (1917–1996), was a highly decorated German officer during World War II and later head of the German Party, a conservative German political party. In 1932, von Cramm earned a berth as a Davis Cup competitor for his country and immediately won the first of four straight German national championships. During this time he also teamed up with Hilde Krahwinkel to win the 1933 Mixed Doubles title at Wimbledon. Noted for his gentlemanly conduct and fair play, he gained the admiration and respect of his fellow tennis players. He earned his first individual Grand Slam title in 1934, winning the French Open. His victory made him a national hero in his native Germany; however, it was by chance that he did so just after Adolf Hitler had come to power. The handsome, blond Gottfried von Cramm fitted perfectly the Aryan race image of a Nazi ideology that put pressure on all German athletes to be superior. However, von Cramm steadfastly refused to be a tool for Nazi propaganda. Germany effectively lost its 1935 Davis Cup Interzone Final against the US, when von Cramm refused to take match point in the deciding game, by notifying the umpire that the ball had tipped his racket, and thus calling a point against himself, though no one had witnessed the error. For three straight years he was the men's singles runner-up at the Wimbledon Championships, losing memorable matches in the finals to England's Fred Perry in 1935 and again in 1936. The following year he lost in the finals to American Don Budge both at Wimbledon and at the U.S. Open. In 1935, he was beaten in the French Open finals by Perry but turned the tables the following year and defeated Perry for his second French championship. In an attempt to get von Cramm on side, the Nazi regime punished his insubordination by not allowing him to compete in the 1937 French championship even though he was the defending champion. Despite his Grand Slam play, Gottfried von Cramm is most remembered for his deciding match against Don Budge during the 1937 Davis Cup. He was ahead 4–1 in the final set, when Budge launched a comeback, eventually winning 8–6 in a match considered by many as the greatest battle in the annals of Davis Cup play and one of the pre-eminent matches in all of tennis history. In a later interview, Budge said that von Cramm had received a phone call from Hitler minutes before the match started and came out pale and serious and had played each point as though his life depended on winning. This myth later grew on to contain some truth as Hitler and Goring were constantly watching Cramm in case he slipped and revealed his true nature. Gottfried married twice. On 1 September 1930 his married to Baroness Elisabeth "Lisa" von Dobeneck (1912–1975), a daughter of Robert, Baron von Dobeneck and his wife, the former Maria Hagen, and a granddaughter of the Jewish banker Louis Hagen. Seven years later they divorced. Lisa von Cramm later married the German ice-hockey star Gustav Jaenecke. Following Barbara Hutton, who's been an American socialite and an heiress to the Woolworth five-and-dime fortune. They married in 1955 and divorced in 1959. He had married her in order to "help her through substance abuse and depression but was unable to help her in the end. Gottfried was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1977. |
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